Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Up-regulation of cytosolic prostaglandin E synthase in fetal-membrane and amniotic prostaglandin E 2 accumulation in labor

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250638

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative levels of mRNAs encoding genes involved in PGE 2 biosynthesis in fetal-membrane of patients with term not in labor (TNL) or term in labor (TLB) deliveries were measured by RT-qPCR. (A) PLA2G4A , (B) PTGS1 , (C) PTGS2 , (D) PTGES1 , (E) PTGES2 , (F) PTGES3 . Horizontal lines and error bars indicate the mean ± SEM. TNL, n = 6; TLB, n = 8. Western blot analysis of COX-1 and COX-2 (G), and cPGES (H) in fetal-membrane. TNL, n = 4; TLB, n = 5. Data were analyzed by unpaired Student’s t -tests with Welch’s correction. * p <0.05, ** p <0.01; ‘ns’, not significant.

Article Snippet: The following Taqman probes were used: ACTB (Assay ID: Hs99999903_m1, Gene ID: Hs.520640), PLA2G4A (Assay ID: Hs00996912_m1, Gene ID: Hs497200), PTGS1 (Assay ID: Hs00377726_m1, Gene ID: Hs201978), PTGS2 (Assay ID: Hs00153133_m1, Gene ID: Hs196384), PTGES (Assay ID: Hs01115610_m1, Gene ID: Hs146688), PTGES2 (Assay ID: Hs00228159_m1, Gene ID: Hs495219), and PTGES3 (Assay ID: Hs00832847_gH, Gene ID: Hs50425).

Techniques: Membrane, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Up-regulation of cytosolic prostaglandin E synthase in fetal-membrane and amniotic prostaglandin E 2 accumulation in labor

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250638

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative levels of mRNAs encoding genes involved in PGE 2 biosynthesis in the amnion and the chorion of patients with term not in labor (TNL) or term in labor (TLB) deliveries were measured by RT-qPCR. (A) PLA2G4A , (B) PTGS1 , (C) PTGS2 , (D) PTGES1 , (E) PTGES2 , (F) PTGES3 . Horizontal lines and error bars indicate the mean ± SEM. TNL, n = 8; TLB, n = 8. Data were analyzed by unpaired Student’s t -tests. * p <0.05, ** p <0.01, *** p <0.005; ‘ns’, not significant.

Article Snippet: The following Taqman probes were used: ACTB (Assay ID: Hs99999903_m1, Gene ID: Hs.520640), PLA2G4A (Assay ID: Hs00996912_m1, Gene ID: Hs497200), PTGS1 (Assay ID: Hs00377726_m1, Gene ID: Hs201978), PTGS2 (Assay ID: Hs00153133_m1, Gene ID: Hs196384), PTGES (Assay ID: Hs01115610_m1, Gene ID: Hs146688), PTGES2 (Assay ID: Hs00228159_m1, Gene ID: Hs495219), and PTGES3 (Assay ID: Hs00832847_gH, Gene ID: Hs50425).

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Npj Dementia

Article Title: Progranulin deficiency does not exacerbate TDP-43 pathology in TDP-43 transgenic mouse models

doi: 10.1038/s44400-025-00020-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Immunostaining of TDP-43 and NeuN in brain sections from 16-month-old mice WT, TDP-43 Q331K/Q331K (Q331K), Grn −/− , TDP-43 Q331K/Q331K Grn −/− (Q331K Grn −/− ) mice. Representative images from the cortex were shown. Scale bar, 10 µm. B Analysis of TDP-43, phosphorylated TDP-43 (pS409/410), and PGRN levels in cortical lysates from 16-month-old mice of the indicated genotypes. C TDP-43 levels in RIPA- and urea-soluble fractions were quantified. Data are presented as mean ± SEM from 3 mice per group ( n = 3). One-way ANOVA tests with Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons. D PGRN levels in RIPA soluble fractions were quantified and normalized to GAPDH. Data are presented as mean ± SEM from 3 mice per group ( n = 3). E Total RNAs were extracted from the cortex of 10-month-old WT, TDP-43 Q331K/Q331K , Grn −/− , TDP-43 Q331K/Q331K Grn −/− male mice, and the RT-qPCR was performed to analyze the splicing changes in Sort1 exon 17b (left) and Mapt exons 2 and 3 (right). The relative mRNA levels of transcripts including or excluding exons 2 and 3 represent the inclusion of Mapt exons 2 and 3. Data are presented as mean ± SEM ( n = 4 mice per genotype). p -values were determined using one-way ANOVA tests with Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons. F Expression levels of Tardbp in WT and Q331K mice. Total RNAs were extracted from the cortex of 10-month-old WT and Q331K male mice, and the RNA-seq was performed to analyze gene expression changes. Normalized read counts are shown. Data are presented as mean ± SEM ( n = 5-6 mice per genotype). * p < 0.05, unpaired two-tailed Student's t-test.

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used in this study: rabbit anti-IBA-1 (Wako, 01919741), goat anti-AIF-1/Iba1 (Novus Biologicals, NB100-1028), rat anti-CD68 (Bio-Rad, MCA1957), mouse anti-GFAP (Cell signaling, 3670S), rabbit anti-TDP43 (Proteintech Group, 12892-1-AP (C-terminal) and 10782-2-AP (N-terminal)), rabbit anti-phospho-TDP-43 (Ser409/410) (Proteintech group, 80007-1-RR), mouse anti-PLP (Millipore, MAB388), mouse anti-MBP (Millipore, SMI-99), rabbit anti-MAG (Proteintech Group, 14386-1-AP), sheep anti-mouse PGRN (R&D systems, AF2557), and mouse anti-GAPDH (Proteintech Group, 60004-1-Ig).

Techniques: Immunostaining, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, RNA Sequencing, Gene Expression, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Npj Dementia

Article Title: Progranulin deficiency does not exacerbate TDP-43 pathology in TDP-43 transgenic mouse models

doi: 10.1038/s44400-025-00020-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Immunostaining of TDP-43 and NeuN using rabbit anti-TDP-43 CTD antibodies and mouse anti-NeuN antibodies, respectively (left panel) or immunostaining of human TDP-43 (right panel) using mouse anti-human TDP-43 in brain sections from 21-day-old WT, hTDP-43 Tg/Tg (Tg/Tg), Grn −/− , and hTDP-43 Tg/Tg Grn −/− mice. Representative images from the cortex were shown. Scale bar, 10 µm. B Analysis of TDP-43 and phosphorylated TDP-43 (pS409/410) and PGRN levels in brain lysates from 21-day-old mice. Antibodies recognizing the C-terminal or N-terminal domain of TDP-43 were used to detect total TDP-43 levels. C TDP-43 and pTDP-43 levels in RIPA- and urea-soluble fractions were quantified. Data are presented as mean ± SEM from 3 mice per group ( n = 3). One-way ANOVA tests with Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons. ** p < 0.01. D PGRN levels in RIPA soluble fractions were quantified and normalized to GAPDH. Data are presented as mean ± SEM from 3 mice per group ( n = 3).

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used in this study: rabbit anti-IBA-1 (Wako, 01919741), goat anti-AIF-1/Iba1 (Novus Biologicals, NB100-1028), rat anti-CD68 (Bio-Rad, MCA1957), mouse anti-GFAP (Cell signaling, 3670S), rabbit anti-TDP43 (Proteintech Group, 12892-1-AP (C-terminal) and 10782-2-AP (N-terminal)), rabbit anti-phospho-TDP-43 (Ser409/410) (Proteintech group, 80007-1-RR), mouse anti-PLP (Millipore, MAB388), mouse anti-MBP (Millipore, SMI-99), rabbit anti-MAG (Proteintech Group, 14386-1-AP), sheep anti-mouse PGRN (R&D systems, AF2557), and mouse anti-GAPDH (Proteintech Group, 60004-1-Ig).

Techniques: Immunostaining

Journal: Cell death & disease

Article Title: Progranulin attenuates liver fibrosis by downregulating the inflammatory response.

doi: 10.1038/s41419-019-1994-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1 PGRN attenuates CCl4-induced fibrosis in mice. a Schematic diagram of the study. Liver fibrosis was induced by CCl4 injection for 4 weeks. Ad.CON, control adenovirus + CCl4; Ad.PGRN, PGRN adenovirus + CCl4; TA, tibialis anterior. b Serum PGRN levels. c Final body, liver, and spleen weights of Ad.CON and Ad.PGRN mice. d Serum levels of ALT and AST. e Liver morphology and staining with Sirius Red. Scale bar: 200 μm. f Quantification of the Sirius Red-positive area per high-powered field. Graphs show the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 versus the corresponding control, as shown

Article Snippet: The serum concentration of mPGRN was measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a mouse PGRN ELISA kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Injection, Control, Staining

Journal: Cell death & disease

Article Title: Progranulin attenuates liver fibrosis by downregulating the inflammatory response.

doi: 10.1038/s41419-019-1994-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2 Effect of PGRN on liver fibrosis-related protein expression in CCl4-treated mice. a Immunohistochemical staining of liver sections for α- SMA, collagen 1a1, F4/80 antigen, and apoptotic cells (TUNEL). The mean number of positively stained cells per high-powered field was quantified. Scale bar: 200 μm. b, c Whole liver tissues were subjected to gene expression analysis by real-time qPCR. d Liver tissues were subjected to western blot analysis. Graphs show the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 versus the corresponding control, as shown

Article Snippet: The serum concentration of mPGRN was measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a mouse PGRN ELISA kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, TUNEL Assay, Gene Expression, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Cell death & disease

Article Title: Progranulin attenuates liver fibrosis by downregulating the inflammatory response.

doi: 10.1038/s41419-019-1994-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3 The effect of PGRN on the macrophage inflammatory response to LPS. a, b Raw 264.7 cells and primary macrophages were pre-treated with PGRN for 30 min. They were then treated with LPS for an additional hour, and the expression of inflammatory genes was analyzed by real-time qPCR. c Human primary stellate cells were pre-treated with PGRN for 30 min. They were then treated with TGF-β1 for an additional 24 h, and gene expression was analyzed. d HepG2 and Huh7 cells were pre-treated with PGRN for 30 min and then stimulated with TNF-α for an additional 24 h and subjected to real-time qPCR analysis. e Raw 264.7 cells were treated with conditioned media from HepG2 or Huh7 cells treated with TNF-α for 24 h with or without 30 min of PGRN pre-treatment. After 1 h, the Raw 264.7 cells were subjected to real-time qPCR analysis. Graphs show the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 versus the corresponding control, as shown

Article Snippet: The serum concentration of mPGRN was measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a mouse PGRN ELISA kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Gene Expression, Control

Journal: Cell death & disease

Article Title: Progranulin attenuates liver fibrosis by downregulating the inflammatory response.

doi: 10.1038/s41419-019-1994-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4 PGRN attenuates steatohepatitis induced by a MCD diet in mice. a Schematic diagram of the animal study. NASH was induced with a MCD diet for 8 weeks. Ad.CON, control adenovirus + MCD diet; Ad.PGRN, PGRN-expressing adenovirus + MCD diet; TA, tibialis anterior. b Serum PGRN levels. c Final body, liver, and spleen weights of Ad.CON and Ad.PGRN mice. d Serum ALT and AST levels. e Liver sections were stained with H&E and Sirius Red. Scale bar: 200 μm. f Quantification of steatosis, inflammatory foci, and Sirius Red staining. Graphs show the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 versus the corresponding control, as shown

Article Snippet: The serum concentration of mPGRN was measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a mouse PGRN ELISA kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Control, Expressing, Staining

Journal: Cell death & disease

Article Title: Progranulin attenuates liver fibrosis by downregulating the inflammatory response.

doi: 10.1038/s41419-019-1994-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5 PGRN treatment decreases MCD diet-induced hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in mice. a Oil Red O staining and liver TG content. Scale bar: 200 μm. b Liver expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism was determined by real-time qPCR. c Liver tissues were subjected to western blot analysis. d Immunohistochemical staining for α-SMA, collagen 1a1, and F4/80 antigen. Scale bar: 200 μm. e Whole liver tissues were subjected to gene expression analysis by real-time qPCR. Graphs show the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 versus the corresponding controls, as shown

Article Snippet: The serum concentration of mPGRN was measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a mouse PGRN ELISA kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Staining, Expressing, Western Blot, Immunohistochemical staining, Gene Expression

Journal: Cell death & disease

Article Title: Progranulin attenuates liver fibrosis by downregulating the inflammatory response.

doi: 10.1038/s41419-019-1994-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6 The effect of PGRN on the macrophage response to palmitate. a, b Raw 264.7 cells and primary macrophages were pre-treated with PGRN for 30 min. They were then treated with palmitate for an additional hour, and expression of inflammatory genes was analyzed by real-time qPCR. c Raw 264.7 cells were treated with conditioned media from HepG2 or Huh7 cells treated with palmitate for 6 h with or without 30 min of PGRN pre- treatment. Raw 264.7 cells were exposed to the conditioned media for 1 h and then subjected to real-time qPCR analysis. Graphs show the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 versus the corresponding control, as shown

Article Snippet: The serum concentration of mPGRN was measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a mouse PGRN ELISA kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Control